二、Comma (，) 逗号、逗点
在英文里，逗号的用途有：
* 连接句子里不同的成份
* 分开句子里不同的成份
* 突出句子里的某个成份
* 替代句子里的某个成份
成份指：词、短语(phrase)、子句(clause)等。
2.1 连接句子里不同的成份
2.1.1 逗号用在以 and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet 等连接词的两个主要子句
之间：
1. My father is fond of fishing, but my mother prefers hiking. (以 ,but 连
接两个子句)
2. He painted the exterior of the house, and she painted the interior. (以
,and 连接两个子句)
2.2 分开句子里不同的成份
2.2.1 用逗号分开两个以上的并列形容词：(如果并列的形容词之间可加上and,
but等，那就加上逗号；否则不可)
2. She is a little and old lady. (不可写成 She is a little, old lady.)
2.2.2 在两个修饰主语的短语之间加上逗号(句短可不加)：
1. While waiting for the bus on that cold rainy night, she started
sneezing. (主语she)
2. At 10 o'clock the bus arrived. (不必写成 At 10 o'clock, the bus
arrived.)
2.2.3 在 Jr., Sr., Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., Inc., 等名称之前及后都要加上逗
号(除了所有格的名称):
1. They identified him as Howard R. Williams, Jr., chairman of their board.
(,Jr.,)
2. That is Howard R. Williams, Jr.'s company. (,Jr.'s 后面不可再加逗号)
2.2.4 在追问句之前加逗号：
1. Do it, won't you? (Do it 是命令语气，won't you?是追问)
2. You know the answer, don't you?
3. It is warm today, isn't it?
2.2.5 一个以副词或副词短语开头的句子，如果它和前面的句子有关联的话，必
须在有关副词或副词短语后加上逗号：
1. She believed he had the talent to succeed. Unfortunately, he was lazy.
(后一个句子以副词 unfortunately 开头，同时这个句子和前一个句子有直接的
2.2.6 在句子里有超过三个并列词或短语等，在最后一个，and, or, nor等
之前加逗号：
1. He promised to supply the pencils, pens, and notebooks for the class.
(简单说就是 pencils, pens, notebooks 要写成 pencils, pens, and notebooks)
2. Her mother sells tomatoes, potatoes, apples, and peaches. (...apples,
and...)
3. She ran up the stairs, across the porch, and into the house. (up the
staris, across the porch, into the house 是三个短语，在最后一个加 ,and)
4. We all agreed that she was beautiful, that she was intelligent, and
that she was ambitious. (三个 that she was...都是子句 )
