浅谈中职英语教学中的课堂提问

2024-05-03

黄建舜

(沅江市职业中专湖南沅江413100)

从事职高英语教学工作已有多年的时间了,多年来,对职高学生的英语基础水平和学习态度多有了解,也常常有同行抱怨职高学生难教,其中英语最为突出。甚至一些教师为每次喊学生答问而学生都答不出来而恼怒,索性干脆不提问题,课堂上全由老师唱独台戏,满堂灌,导致方法单一,课堂气氛沉默,教学效果差。对这种方法,我不敢苟同。我认为我们应在教学中总结职高学生的特点,摸索针对职高学生的教学方法,这是非常有利于课堂教学的,我经常使用的方法之一就是注重课堂提问的技巧。一位教育家说过:“中小学教师若不谙熟发问技术,他的教学是不易成功的。”课堂提问不仅可以加强师生交流,提高课堂效益,还能成为刺激学生积极思维的有效手段,因此熟练掌握英语教学中的课堂提问技巧就显得非常必要。要掌握这些技巧就必须做到以下几点:

一、优化课堂提问的内容

课堂提问的内容直接影响提问的效果,选择好的内容提问可以激发学生追求知识本源的动力,在课堂提问的 内容设计中应该做到以下几点:

1.问学生感兴趣的问题。

“学习的最好刺激,是对所学材料的兴趣”。英语教学中潜伏着大量学生感兴趣的“触点”。像很多阅读篇章中存在大量关于英美风土人情、风俗习惯、奇闻轶事等,抓住这些“触点”进行提问,往往能加深学生对整个篇章的理解。

在高一教材《基础模块》一第三单元中有一篇关于Black Friday的阅读理解文章,在上课前我设计了三个问题:

1).Do you know Thanksgiving Day?When is it?

这个问题大家都知道,但具体时间很多人搞不清,我就给他们讲述感恩节的来历,一下子就把学生的注意力吸引过来了,然后强调感恩节的时间(每年的11月的第4个星期四)。学生也印象深刻,很快就记住了。

2).Why do people call the day after Thanksgiving Day Black Friday?

Because on that day,it means the early opening and late closing of shops.

3).What are there so many people in the shop on that day?

Because many things are on sharp discount.

带着这些好奇再来进行阅读,对于文章的理解就容易得多。最后让学生看两部关Black Friday购物的短片,使学生又增加了感性认识。

2.问学生感觉有点难的问题

课堂提问的问题如果过于简单,提问就会流于形式,不利于培养学生分析问题的能力;但问题也不能太难,不能超出学生能力范围,要符合学生的知识发展水平。如《基础模块》一第八单元有这样一篇短文:

People in different places give directions in different ways.In Japan,people use landmarks in their directions instead of street names.In the United States,people may use distances and time to give directions.People in Greece will lead you to the place in person since most tourists have difficulty in understanding the Greek language.Well,the most effective way to ask for and give directions is through body language.This will help you everywhere.

这段短文我设计了这样三个问题:

(1).If you don’t know how to get to a place,what would you do?

(2).How to give directions in Japan,the United States and Greece?

(3).What is the most effective way to ask for and give directions?

第一个问题询问日常生活中问路的用语,差不多每个学生都遇到过这样的事,很容易回答;第二个问题让学生知道日本人、美国人、希腊人怎样问路,注意他们之间有什么习惯上的不同;最后一个问题问最有效的问路方式是什么。回答了这三个问题,短文的意思就基本搞清了。

3.问具有创造性的问题

在课堂上设计一些发散思维题,启发学生根据自己的知识水平和思维特点去分析,常常能得到一些创造性的见解,从而达到激发活跃课堂,扩张思维的效果。如《基础模块》二第九单元有一篇短文:

Everything is made in China!

It was a week after Christmas.After breakfast Mrs.Lawson started to sort all the gifts in her son’s room.She suddenenly noticed that almost all the gifts were made in China.”Ah.that’s interesting”.thought Mrs.Lawson.

After lunch,she drove to a shopping center to buy a pair of new shoes for her son.and candles for her daughter’s birthday cake,She was surprised to find that all the shoes there were from China and all the candles were also from China.”well that surprising!”said Mrs.Lawson to herself.

In the afternoon she drove back home.As she sat on the sofa in the living room for a good rest,she look around and was even m,ore surprised.The label “made in China”is everywhere.It is seen on the screen of the TV,in the pile of tennis shoes by the door.in the colorful lights on the Christmas tree.on the lovely dress of the doll….

At dinner time,the door bell rang.It was Mr. Lawson”Honey,I just bought a new CD,The band has a very funny name ,Look”.Mrs.Lawson was most surprised,on the cover of the CD she found”Everything is made in China”!

这篇短文我设计了这样几个问题:

1 Did Mrs.Lawson find anything interesting about the Christmas gifts?

2.Did the shopping experience surprise Mrs.Lawson?

3.Did the label in the living room make Mrs. Lawson very surprised?

4.Did Mr Lawson give Mrs.Lawson the biggest suepeise?

5.From this passage,what do you think of China?what are you going to do in your study?

第一个问题比较简单;第二个问题是Mrs.Lawson吃惊;第三个问题Mrs.Lawson是很吃惊;第四个问题Mrs.Lawson是大吃一惊.这三个问题层层递进,让学生对短文有很好的了解。最后一个问题是学生自主发挥题,从中国产品遍天下说明我们的祖国富强了,这种局面来之不易,我们应该好好学习,使祖国更加繁荣昌盛,教师在此激励学生努力学习,达到了提问的效果。

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